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SkyActiv engines, regardless of displacement, never fill completely (according to the dipstick) using the recommended fill volume. Your experience using 5 full quarts in a 2.5 liter is exactly what others have experienced.
First, empty your fuel tank and pour a 2% fuel mix in it.
Remove the oil hoses coming to the carbs. Put the ends in 2 recipients.
Run the engine for a few minutes. Oil must come in the recipients. I couldn't find an exact quantity in the Service manuals.
The theoretical mix is 50:1 ( 50 liters fuel with 1 liter oil)
So, the best way is to have a full tank 50/1 fuel/oil mixture AND a full oil tank.
Sail a few hours, refuel ( count how many liter you've burned. Refill the oil tank to level.
Check that the fuel/oil ratio is about 50:1.
You can adjust the mixture with the cable on the oil pump.
2013 Softail
a. Use 3.5 quarts (3.31 liters) of engine oil for a wet
capacity refill.
b. Use 4.0 quarts (3.79 liters) for a dry capacity refill. NOTE Use wet capacity values for engines that have just had the oil drained. Use dry capacity values for engines that have been disassembled, cleaned in solvent and dried.
2013 DYNA
a. Use 2.5 qt (2.4 L) of engine oil for a wet capacity refill.
b. Use 3.0 qt (2.7 L) for a dry capacity refill.
2.8 liters and then check the oil with the dipstick. With the bike on the side stand, pull the dipstick and check the oil level. There are two marks on the stick. The upper mark is "FULL HOT" and the lower mark is "FULL COLD". Keep the oil level between the two marks. Do not overfill. Your Road Kind and all other Big Twin Harley's are what we refer to as "dry sump" engines. It does not have a reservoir of oil in the cases but rather carries the oil in a remote oil tank. On your Road King, this tank is on the bottom of the transmission,
To begin with, the capacity of your Sporty's oil tank is 3 quarts, not 3 liters. A liter is slighly more than a quart and the oil tank on the bike is designed to hold three quarts of hot oil. Oil expands when it gets hot. If you notice the marks on the dipstick, the lower mark is "full cold" and the upper mark is "full hot". Never overfill a Sporty.
Now, if the bike had been sitting for a while, they have a tendency to "oil sump". Oil sumping is a condition where oil seeps past the check valve in the oil pump and builds up in the bottom of the crankcase. Any Sportster and any Big Twin prior to the Twin Cam that has the oil tank located higher than the engine will do this. That's why the older Harley's would "puke" oil out of the breather when restarted after sitting for a while. If you had a half quart of oil in the bottom end and then poured three quarts into the oil tank, you were overfilled. That's one reason to always start the bike and run it until it's at full operating temperature before you change the oil. The warm oil drains easier and there is none left in the bottom end to play a nasty trick on you. This event happens quite often. You are lucky in the fact that the oil plug didn't blow off while you were riding down the road. When that happens, you get covered in oil. Not something anyone would like.
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