To start up in Safe Mode, hold down the shift key and then startyour Mac. Safe Mode takes a while, so don’t be alarmed when you don’tsee the desktop right away. While you’re waiting, the operating systemis verifying the directory structure of your startup volume, andrepairing it, if necessary. It will also delete some of the startupcaches that may also be preventing your Mac from starting successfully.
Once the desktop appears, you can access and run disk utility
http://macs.about.com/od/applications/ss/firstaid.htm tool just as you normally would. When First Aid is finished, restart your Mac normally.
Please note that not all applications and OS X features will workwhen you boot into Safe Mode. You should use this startup mode only fortroubleshooting and not for running day-to-day applications.
Boot Into Single User Mode Start up your Mac and immediately hold down the command key plus theletter ‘s’ key (command + s). Your Mac will start up in a specialenvironment that looks like an old-fashioned command line interface(because that’s exactly what it is).
At the command line prompt, type the following:
/sbin/fsck –fyPress return or enter after you type the above line. Fsck will startand display status messages about your startup disk. When it finallyfinishes (this can take a while), you will see one of two messages. Thefirst indicates that no problems were found.
** The volume xxxx appears to be OK.The second message indicates that problems were encountered and fsck attempted to correct the errors on your hard drive.