No Volume For My Music Hall MMF-5 Turtable

remove rca plugs from speaker wires and wire the speakers to speaker connections on the back of receiver. The receiver may already have a phono input for a turntable.

Can I suggest you visit and contact their website and ask for the spare parts for the turntable in reguards for the motor. However belts are available on E-Bay and other places.
http://musichallaudio.com/

The software itself should come with an sound imput level control. But if you can't find it or it's on full then there are ways round it. However it depends on how the turntable is connected to your computer. Most turntables require in an amp to have a magnetic cartridge pre-amp to boost the level to that say of a tape. Rather than mess around sometimes it's better to get one of these pre-amps and have that between the turntable and the computer. Then the sound should be the same level as a tape signal. You will have to bypass that pre-amp if you are recording anything else such as tapes to your computer. Or you will get a noisy loud signal!
Just search for a "magnetic cartridge pre-amp" on the web.

The pre-amp has failed. Since you can hear the signal with the deck plugged into the amp that proves the cartridge and deck are working.

You don't state which model the turntable is. Without this we are working blind. If the turntable has a built in amp then that will have failed. A blown fuse would shut down everything. If it has no built in amp and you have it connected to a separate amp, then you have either connected it to the wrong socket - it needs a phono socket - or if the amp doesn't have one you need a magnetic cartridge preamp.

The device that I use for this is https://www.ebay.com/itm/Zerostat-3-Anti-Static-Instrument-Gun-Record-Vinyl-LP-Care-Cleaning-Discwasher/162827949349?hash=item25e94d5525:g:GzAAAOSwHYpaR6Eu

The problem can be related to a lot of things like the quality of the vinyl etc. One thing you can try is raising the humidity in the room.

If it has RCA jacks (white and red jacks) coming from the unit it needs to be connected to the inputs of a stereo amplifier of receiver to produce sound. Most AM/FM receivers have inputs for phono in back. Just plug the cords into the inputs for phono and put your selection knob on your stereo to the phono setting.

need phonographamplifier

Is there any chance that you have the music application running in the background? When the music app is running the side volume keys adjust volume of the music, not of the ringer - even when there is no music playing!

The two volume screens look nearly identical. Silly.

You may want to try putting an attenuater in the line with the RCA's to cut the input signal back just a little bit. So you are not driving the amp so hard with your preamp.