Motor stopped while turning. It does have power but will not run.

If it's got the 3-3/4" three-knife cutterhead, it should run pretty near to 5000 RPM. If it's got the 1-7/8" two-knife cutterhead, it should run at nearly 10,000 RPM.

That planer should take a 3600 (3450) RPM motor.

I see no gears in the manual You can move the belt over to get a different speed if that is what you are asking.
http://content.wmhtoolgroup.com/assets/manuals/1352001_man_EN.pdf

I don't have much knowledge on lathe. Check this thread I found on google. Hope that helps.

If it hums when its turned on look at the capacitors. Visually inspect the cooper winderings, if there is any discolored portions, ones that are blackened. It might have burned up a coil.

Thats a good thing, means you making chips. lol. What kind of noise exactly?

use a wooden stick and place it to the motors housing and put your ear to the other end of the stick while running. If a grinding noise is heard to your ear the bearings are bad. If a screeching noiose is heard the armature is swelled causing the fields to scrape the armature while turning

Take the entire screw out of the tailstock and examine the internal and screw threads carefully. Suspect something is 'galling' the threads causing the bind or possibly, the screw has been bent. You may have to chase the threads with a suitable tap and die to get things working again. It may also be that the lubrication did not reach the entire thread. Hope this helps!

I think I'd change out that speed controller board before it kills you with a 16" off-balance chunk of oak spinning at 5000 RPM.

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look under cwl12d clarke wood lathe manual. this has all the instructions that are almost the same as the nwl37-2 i have a nwl37-2 and this manual shows what should be there.