Shirley provided some very good advice. Sometimes, when sewing very fine fabric, like silk, chiffon, etc., the fabric tends to pucker even when using the smallest needle size, very fine thread, and adjusting the tension. What may help is adding something to the fabric to create more body, like wash-away stabilizer (or tear-away stabilizer if the fabric is not washable). It helps to stabilize the stitching but can be removed when it is no longer needed. Some will even add tissue paper (like pattern paper) to the seam, then simply tear it away. Depending on the fabric, even stiff starch can be used.
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What kind of material are you using and what kind of thread? I have this machine and it is wonderful. If the needle and the thread are too big for the material being sewn, the material will pucker.
Go to a smaller stitch, thread or needle one at a time and see what works. It's possible that either the top or bottom tension is set too tight but if it wasn't doing it before, I would try these other things before I changed my tensions.
Also sometimes I completely unthread my upper thread and rethread my machine, in case some lint has gotten caught in a tension or a thread has kinked around one of the places I am not looking.
Lastly, take the two screws out of your needle plate and take it off and either blow the lint out of the feed dogs or use your vacuum to vacuum the lint out. While you have your plate off, check the needle hole that is in the plate to make sure it is smooth. If you have broken a needle or something, it can make a groove in the side of the needle hole and it will catch your thread on each stitch and make it gather up. If there is a groove, you will need to buy a piece of emery tape and file it till it is smooth again. Then reassemble your machine and hopefully you won't have the problem anymore!
SOURCE: How do you wind a bobbin on a juki 1541s ??? This
Here are two websites that might be of help to you. If you just go to the www.westchestersewing.com they have a "contact us" box and you can send them your question.
http://www.westchestersewing.com/juki/dnu1541/
http://industrial-sewing-machines.com/sewmach/mach_detail.asp?brand=Juki
You've got something binding in the bobbin area. Open up the entire bobbin/feed dog area plates so you can really see. Get your magnifying glass out and really examine the area for threads wound around things. DO NOT unscrew anything if you can help it. If you unscrew the wrong thing you can knock it completely out of time. (which may be why couldn't get the bobbin thread up anyway.)
If all this is intimidating to you... take it for repair.
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