Low volume through amplifier

Have you connected it to an amp with a dedicated "phono" or "record deck" socket? If your amplifier does not have one of these you will need to buy a Magnetic Cartridge Preamp and connect that between the deck and amp.

You need to buy a turntable pre-amp, as the signal output is much too low to drive an amplifier. Or buy a DJ mixer, which has a turntable preamp built in, as does any "integrated receiver" which is basically a tuner/phono preamp/amplifier combo in one box.

Depends what type of sockets these have. If the Pre-Amp has a RCA phono sockets you just need some RCA leads. I don't know if the Arcam Amp works with any pre-amp. But if it does, it's likely to have the same type sockets as the others. So you just buy another two RCA leads and connect it up.

Plug the player in somewhere else besides the PHONO input.

"PHONO" is the only designated connection on an audio device that is literal and exclusive. Nothing but PHONO will work right on it because old-school turntables require it to preamplify the tiny current produced by a Phono cartridge.

I imagine if you REALLY listened hard to the result you have you would find the bass is WAY too.

Google 'RIAA curve' to understand why.

http://www.graniteaudio.com/phono/page5.html

Just make certain that the connections are all good with no wires touching. If it still doesn't perform after that return it to where you bought it and get a new replacement or your money back.

Of course, just run an audio RCA pair out from the Pre Out to your next amp and any input. All control for volume, tone, etc will remain with the 640A.

Turntable signal outputs are very, very low amplitude and either have to pass through a pre-amp before being connected to an amplifiers "ordinary" inputs (e.g. aux), or connect to an amplifier's specific turntable input in order to give the "normal" levels of volume.
This is because the cartridge (the bit that has the stylus or needle on it) can only generate very small amplitude signals.
As turntables are now outdated, a lot of amps no longer have a turntable input any more.
Unless you can also find a cheap pre-amp or an old amp with a turntable input, you may have wasted your money.

you will probably need to buy a phono pre amp , i have a Dual 505 turntable that worked fine on my ROTEL amp but when i changed amps and went to NAD i had to buy a phono pre amp or else listen to really low sound . hope this helps

You have to amplify the output from your turntable output to the input of your amplifier. To do this you can buy what is known as a pre-amp. Radio shack probably still sells them.
Be sure to ground your turntable to your amplifier and not the pre-amp. This should stop any hum or at least diminish it. Bear in mind that your records will not sound as loud as your CD's. Hope this helps.

You will need to obtain a phono preamp to connect between the deck and the amplifier. I do not think this turntable is fitted with its own preamp - check the User Guide.