The timing belt connects the main crank at the bottom of the engine to the camshaft and other bits and bobs at the top of the engine.
The crankshaft lifts and drops the valves in the top of each cylinder to allow fuel in and exhaust out at the correct moment in the engine firing cycle.
If the timing belt fails while the engine is running, the crank keeps turning pushing the pistons up and down while the valves remain still. invariably, the pistons travel up and hit open valves, causing all kinds of cylinder head and valve damage.
The repair usually entails, the removal, rebuild and replacement of the cylinder head. Assuming the cylinder head can be rebuilt. It may be cheaper, taking labour costs into account to replace the whole engine with a second hand/refurb.
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